Social Contract and the Return of Military Rule in West Africa

In the heart of West Africa, a region renowned for its vibrant cultures and diverse landscapes, a disconcerting trend has emerged in recent years. Like ripples on a pond, coups and coup attempts have shaken the political stability of several nations, leaving a lingering question hanging in the air: Is the social contract between governments and their citizens unravelling in this sub-region? In this narrative exploration, we delve into the underlying causes of these coups and the profound implications they carry for the future of West African nations.

Picture a scene where the social contract, a concept rooted in centuries of philosophical thought, is akin to a sacred covenant. In this agreement, citizens willingly relinquish certain individual freedoms in exchange for protection, public services, and the safeguarding of their rights by their government. It is an invisible thread that binds the governed to the governing, forming the backbone of a stable society.

Yet, as we turn our attention to West Africa, we see that this once-robust social contract appears to be fraying at its edges, if not breaking altogether. The causes of this troubling trend are multifaceted and deeply rooted in the region’s history and contemporary challenges.

First and foremost is the spectre of corruption and mismanagement. In the eyes of many West Africans, their leaders, who are meant to be stewards of public resources, have been found wanting. Rampant corruption, embezzlement of public funds, and unchecked nepotism have eroded trust in governments. Citizens increasingly perceive their leaders as enriching themselves at the expense of general welfare, and the sense of betrayal is palpable.

Another force eroding the social contract is the erosion of democratic institutions. These institutions meant to safeguard the principles of fair governance and the rule of law, have been weakened or co-opted. Electoral commissions are viewed with scepticism, and judiciaries are often perceived as puppets of the ruling elite. The result is contested elections, disputed results, and a rising sense of political instability.

Simultaneously, socioeconomic disparities continue to plague West African societies. Poverty remains stubbornly persistent, essential services remain out of reach for many, and the gap between the haves and have-nots continues to widen. Frustration among the populace festers as governments repeatedly fail to deliver on their promises of better lives.

The implications of this unravelling social contract are far-reaching and profound. Political instability, driven by coups and coup attempts, makes it exceedingly challenging for governments to focus on long-term development goals. The revolving door of leadership deters foreign investments and hampers aid efforts, further entrenching economic challenges.

Human rights concerns are equally alarming. Coups often lead to a disregard for fundamental freedoms, as arbitrary detentions and violence become disturbingly common. The erosion of democratic norms can have dire consequences for civil liberties and individual rights.

Economically, the consequences are severe. Economic development takes a backseat when governments are toppled or paralyzed by coups. Reduced economic growth, increased unemployment, and poverty become the new normal.

The impact extends beyond borders, contributing to regional security threats. West Africa’s instability can easily spill over into neighbouring countries, exacerbating regional challenges such as terrorism and organized crime. Moreover, the demographic pressures of political and economic instability may drive more people to seek refuge in more stable countries, leading to migration pressures on both regional and global scales.

The series of coups in West Africa paints a stark picture of a social contract in jeopardy. To prevent further unravelling and its associated consequences, West African leaders must prioritize good governance, accountability, and inclusive development. International cooperation and support should be directed towards fostering stability and promoting democratic values in the region. Only through these concerted efforts can West Africa aspire to a future of peace, prosperity, and social cohesion, where the social contract is not just renewed but strengthened for the generations to come.