Aliko Dangote, Africa’s richest man and President of the Dangote Group, has announced plans to develop Nigeria’s largest port in the Olokola Free Trade Zone (OKFTZ) in Ogun State, marking a revival of a long-abandoned project.

The billionaire industrialist made this disclosure on Monday during a courtesy visit to Governor Dapo Abiodun in Abeokuta, as reported by the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN). His visit, however, sparked controversy after he revealed that his company had previously abandoned investments in Ogun due to policy setbacks and government hostility under former Governor Ibikunle Amosun’s administration.

Reviving a Lost Opportunity

Dangote’s announcement to return to Olokola with plans for Nigeria’s largest deep-sea port is seen as a major boost to Ogun State’s industrial prospects. However, it has also reopened discussions on how the state lost out on one of Africa’s biggest oil refinery projects due to political and bureaucratic obstacles.

Dangote recalled how his investment had been frustrated by past Ogun government policies, leading him to pull out. He revealed that even his cement plant in Itori was twice demolished under the past administration, prompting him to halt operations in the state.

“Our factory at Itori was demolished twice. During the second incident, not just the factory but even the fence was pulled down, so we abandoned the project,” Dangote said.

He credited Governor Dapo Abiodun’s administration for restoring investor confidence and reviving interest in Ogun State as a business destination.

“Thanks to your policies and a favorable business climate, we are returning to Olokola. Plans are underway to construct Nigeria’s largest port,” he announced.

Amosun Under Fire Over Allegations of Frustrating Dangote’s Investments
Dangote’s revelations have sparked a backlash against former Governor Ibikunle Amosun, who governed Ogun State from 2011 to 2019. Amosun has been accused of frustrating not just the Olokola project but also Dangote’s plan to build his multi-billion-dollar refinery in Ogun State—an opportunity that was ultimately lost to Lagos.

It is now widely known that before opting for Lagos’ Lekki Free Trade Zone, Dangote initially planned to site his refinery and petrochemical plant in Ogun State, a project that would have transformed the state into Nigeria’s industrial capital. However, he alleged that the government and certain stakeholders made it difficult for the project to proceed.

Dangote’s refinery, which is now operational in Lagos’ Lekki Free Trade Zone, is Africa’s largest and one of the world’s biggest single-train refineries. Experts believe that Ogun missed a golden opportunity to become an energy hub due to government interference at the time.

The renewed controversy over past anti-investment policies has triggered fresh debates on how political interests have stalled economic development in Ogun State, with critics accusing Amosun of prioritizing personal and political gains over economic progress.

Dangote Cement Expanding in Ogun State

Despite setbacks in the past, Dangote is now re-investing in Ogun, particularly in its cement production industry. He revealed that two new cement production lines with a combined capacity of six million metric tons per annum have been built in Itori. A separate twelve-million-metric-tons plant has been constructed in Ibeshe. Once completed, Ogun will become Sub-Saharan Africa’s largest cement-producing hub, strengthening Nigeria’s self-sufficiency in cement production.

The renewed investment aligns with Dangote’s vision of strengthening private-sector participation in Nigeria’s industrialization drive.

A Strategic Move for Trade and Economic Growth
The decision to revive the Olokola Free Trade Zone and build Nigeria’s largest port in Ogun State comes at a time when the country is grappling with severe logistics bottlenecks due to congestion at Lagos’ Apapa and Tin Can Island ports. A deep-sea port in Ogun State would ease pressure on Lagos ports, improving trade efficiency. It would strengthen Ogun’s position as a major industrial hub due to its proximity to Lagos and neighboring West African markets. The project would create thousands of jobs, boost local economies, and attract foreign investment.

Governor Abiodun Praises Dangote’s Renewed Investment

Governor Dapo Abiodun hailed Dangote’s decision to return to Ogun State, describing it as a historic moment. He noted that March 17 is significant because it coincides with the anniversary of Dangote’s groundbreaking ceremony for his Lagos refinery project.

“We are pleased to welcome Alhaji Aliko Dangote and his company back to Ogun State, as he reaffirmed his confidence in our administration’s vision and investor-friendly policies,” Governor Abiodun said.

He highlighted that the Itori cement plant and other Dangote investments will boost Ogun’s industrialization drive. The Olokola Free Trade Zone will be revived through Nigeria’s largest deep-sea port project. Dangote’s commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) includes infrastructure projects such as the Interchange-Papalanto-Ilaro Road.

With the revival of the Olokola Free Trade Zone and a major deep-sea port project, Ogun State is poised for a new era of industrial and economic transformation. However, the controversy surrounding past missed opportunities under Governor Ibikunle Amosun has raised questions about how government policies can make or break economic progress.

The American retail landscape is witnessing a brutal reality: survival is no longer guaranteed, even for once-iconic brands. Forever 21, a staple of the fast-fashion industry, has filed for bankruptcy protection for the second time in six years, citing an overwhelming competitive onslaught from Chinese e-commerce giants Shein and Temu.

The company’s operating arm is now in the final stages of shutting down its U.S. operations, with liquidation sales already underway at its more than 350 remaining locations. Yet, its fate isn’t completely sealed. Court filings suggest that the brand is still open for bids—if any buyer is willing to take on its inventory and sustain its brick-and-mortar presence.

Forever 21’s collapse is more than just another retail failure—it’s a testament to the shifting dynamics of global commerce. While it is the most visible American brand to suffer from Shein and Temu’s rise, even retail behemoths like Amazon are feeling the shockwaves of the Chinese e-tailers’ dominance.

The Competitive Tsunami

Since its first bankruptcy filing in 2019, Forever 21 has fought to regain its footing. But the emergence of ultra-fast-fashion platforms like Shein and Temu proved to be a challenge too great to overcome. The company’s restructuring officer, Stephen Coulombe, pinpointed a key disadvantage in the competition: the “de minimis” exemption—a U.S. trade law that allows goods valued under $800 to enter the country duty-free. Chinese platforms have leveraged this loophole to keep costs down, while Forever 21 and other U.S.-based retailers struggle under the weight of import duties and tariffs.

Coulombe’s court filing was blunt in its assessment: “Certain non-U.S. online retailers that compete with the Debtors, such as Temu and Shein, have taken advantage of this exemption and, therefore, have been able to pass significant savings onto consumers. Consequently, retailers that must pay duties and tariffs to purchase product for their stores and warehouses in the United States, such as the Company, have been undercut,” it said.

Calls for regulatory intervention have gone largely unheeded, though President Donald Trump has vowed to end the de minimis exemption to level the playing field for U.S. businesses. But for Forever 21, that change may come too late.

Forever 21 had already been searching for a buyer for months before its latest bankruptcy filing. More than 200 potential bidders were contacted, with 30 signing confidentiality agreements, yet no viable deal materialized. Reports suggest that even liquidators were hesitant about taking on the troubled retailer.

In an attempt to curb losses, Forever 21’s parent company, Sparc Group, formed a new entity called Catalyst Brands and sought an unconventional partnership with Shein in 2023. But the collaboration did little to salvage the business. Despite Shein’s meteoric rise, the fast-fashion giant was unable—or unwilling—to throw Forever 21 a meaningful lifeline.

A Brand’s Legacy in Decline

Founded in 1984, Forever 21 was once synonymous with fast fashion, peaking at $4 billion in annual sales and employing 43,000 people worldwide. However, the brand failed to adapt quickly enough to the digital revolution and the rise of mobile-first retail strategies. By the time it emerged from its first bankruptcy, the retail landscape had shifted dramatically.

Despite an initial rebound, the retailer’s financials continued to deteriorate. In fiscal 2021, it posted $2 billion in revenue and $165 million in EBITDA. But with inflation soaring, supply chain disruptions mounting, and competition intensifying, the company reported losses exceeding $400 million in the past three years alone. In fiscal 2024, its losses amounted to $150 million, with an even steeper decline projected for 2025.

Forever 21’s financial burden is staggering. The company owes $1.58 billion in loans and has outstanding debts exceeding $100 million to apparel manufacturers in China and Korea.

A Future Without Forever 21?

Although its U.S. operations are disintegrating, Forever 21’s brand isn’t entirely vanishing. Its international stores and online platforms are expected to continue operating under the ownership of Authentic Brands Group (ABG), which controls the intellectual property. ABG’s Global President of Lifestyle, Jarrod Weber, remains optimistic about the brand’s future.

“We are receiving lots of interest from strong brand operators and digital experts who share our vision and are ready to take the brand to the next level. Our U.S. licensee’s decision to restructure its operations does not impact Forever 21’s intellectual property or its international business. It presents an opportunity to accelerate the modernization of the brand’s distribution model, setting it up to compete and lead in fast fashion for decades to come,” he said.

However, past missteps cast doubt on such assurances. ABG CEO Jamie Salter himself admitted that acquiring Forever 21 was “probably the biggest mistake” he ever made. His comments underscored the harsh reality that even cost-cutting measures—such as slashing rent by up to 50%—weren’t enough to prevent the company’s freefall.

Forever 21’s downfall is emblematic of a broader shift in the global retail landscape. Shein and Temu’s rapid dominance signals a new era where traditional fast-fashion retailers struggle to compete against data-driven, mobile-first platforms that can deliver trends at a fraction of the cost.

Even Amazon, once considered untouchable, is feeling the ripple effects of these low-cost disruptors. While Amazon continues to dominate in logistics and cloud services, Shein and Temu have captured the younger demographic, offering ultra-affordable fashion at an unprecedented scale.

As Forever 21 fades from the American retail scene, the question remains: which legacy brands will be next? And will U.S. regulators take action before another household name meets the same fate?

World Liberty Financial (WLFI), a cryptocurrency venture backed by the Trump family, recently expanded its digital asset portfolio by purchasing $2 million worth of Avalanche (AVAX) and $2 million worth of Mantle (MNT) tokens. This acquisition included 103,911 AVAX tokens and 2.45 million MNT tokens, adding to WLFI’s existing investments in 11 different cryptocurrencies, which total approximately $340 million. Despite these new purchases, the portfolio is currently experiencing significant unrealized losses, estimated at around $115 million, with Ethereum (ETH) alone accounting for a substantial portion of the downturn.

The purchase of $2 million in AVAX and MNT may lead to a temporary price increase for these tokens due to increased demand. While $2 million is not an enormous sum in the context of the broader crypto market, it can still influence smaller-cap or less liquid tokens, particularly Mantle (MNT), which has a lower market cap compared to Avalanche (AVAX). The involvement of a high-profile entity like WLFI, backed by the Trump family, could generate positive sentiment or speculative interest among traders and investors, potentially driving further buying activity in these tokens.

If WLFI holds these tokens long-term, it could reduce circulating supply, potentially increasing price stability. Conversely, if the tokens are part of a token swap or short-term strategy, a future sell-off could introduce volatility. The Trump name carries significant visibility, and its involvement in cryptocurrencies could be perceived as a form of endorsement, potentially attracting new retail investors to the crypto space or to AVAX and MNT specifically. This could bolster confidence in the sector, especially among politically aligned investor groups.

High-profile investments often fuel speculative trading, which could lead to increased volatility in AVAX, MNT, and related cryptocurrencies as traders react to news cycles and social media buzz. By adding AVAX and MNT to its portfolio, WLFI is diversifying its holdings beyond major assets like Ethereum (ETH). This could be an attempt to mitigate risk, especially given the reported $115 million in unrealized losses, much of which is tied to ETH’s price decline.

Both AVAX and MNT are associated with specific blockchain ecosystems (Avalanche and Mantle, respectively). Their performance is tied to the success of these ecosystems, introducing additional risk if these platforms fail to gain adoption or face technical challenges. WLFI’s $340 million portfolio is already experiencing significant unrealized losses ($115 million). The addition of AVAX and MNT, while diversifying the portfolio, does not immediately address this issue. The performance of these new investments will depend on market trends and the growth of their respective ecosystems.

If WLFI views AVAX and MNT as long-term growth assets, the purchases could eventually offset losses in other parts of the portfolio. However, if these tokens are part of a short-term speculative play or token swap, the financial impact may be more immediate and volatile. The $4 million spent on AVAX and MNT represents a small fraction of WLFI’s total portfolio but could signal confidence in its ability to raise or allocate capital. However, if WLFI is facing financial strain (e.g., due to unrealized losses), such purchases might raise questions about its investment strategy and risk management.

As speculated by some analysts, these purchases could be part of token swap arrangements, where WLFI exchanges its own tokens or other assets for AVAX and MNT. This could impact WLFI’s liquidity and financial transparency. The Trump family’s involvement in cryptocurrency through WLFI could further politicize the crypto space. Supporters of Donald Trump may view this as a positive signal, potentially driving investment in WLFI or related tokens, while critics may see it as opportunistic or risky, especially given the portfolio’s current losses.

The Trump name is polarizing, and its association with crypto could either legitimize the sector for some audiences or alienate others who view it as a speculative or politically motivated venture. High-profile investments tied to political figures often attract regulatory attention. U.S. regulators, such as the SEC, may scrutinize WLFI’s activities to ensure compliance with securities laws, especially if token swaps or promotional activities are involved. Donald Trump’s recent pro-crypto stance, including promises to make the U.S. a crypto hub, could be amplified by WLFI’s actions. This might influence future cryptocurrency regulations, potentially benefiting the industry but also raising concerns about conflicts of interest.

As a newer project, Mantle faces higher risks of failure or lack of adoption. WLFI’s involvement could either catalyze growth or, if the investment underperforms, highlight the risks of investing in early-stage projects. The Trump family’s participation in crypto could accelerate mainstream adoption, particularly among demographics that have been skeptical of or disconnected from the space. However, it could also reinforce perceptions of crypto as a speculative or politically charged asset class.

WLFI’s moves might encourage other institutional or high-profile investors to explore cryptocurrencies, especially if they perceive political backing as a signal of future regulatory favor. The crypto market is heavily influenced by narratives and sentiment. WLFI’s investments could spark new trends, such as increased interest in layer-1 blockchains or politically aligned crypto projects. If WLFI’s portfolio continues to underperform or faces controversies, it could lead to negative sentiment toward crypto, particularly among retail investors who might associate the space with political opportunism.

WLFI’s $115 million in unrealized losses could tarnish its reputation, especially if its new investments in AVAX and MNT fail to perform. This could also reflect poorly on the Trump brand’s business acumen in the crypto space. The politicization of crypto through WLFI’s activities might alienate parts of the crypto community that value decentralization and neutrality, potentially leading to backlash or boycotts. If WLFI’s investments are part of token swaps, promotional activities, or other arrangements, it could face regulatory scrutiny, especially if these tokens are deemed securities under U.S. law.

The purchase of $2 million in AVAX and $2 million in MNT by World Liberty Financial has multifaceted impacts, ranging from immediate market effects to longer-term political and regulatory implications. While it may provide a temporary boost to AVAX and MNT and signal confidence in the crypto sector, it also introduces risks, particularly given WLFI’s existing financial challenges and the polarizing nature of the Trump brand. The ultimate impact will depend on market performance, regulatory developments, and the strategic direction of WLFI and its associated political figures.