Nigeria’s digital sector is rapidly becoming one of the most significant contributors to both the country’s GDP and employment across various economies. Over the last decade, the sector has generated more than 2.5 million jobs, fueled significantly by the rise of tech startups.
These startups which span across industries such as finance, education, healthcare, agriculture, and logistics, are playing a crucial role in transforming traditional sectors and boosting economic activity.
The growth of the digital sector has not only provided new employment opportunities but has also created a dynamic ecosystem where technology is at the forefront of solving societal challenges.
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One striking feature of the digital sector is its inherent informality. Many tech solutions are specifically designed to provide visibility and optimize operations within the informal sector, which is a vital part of many developing economies. For example, mobile apps and digital payment systems are helping small business owners, farmers, and traders improve their operations, and access larger markets.
A World Bank Senior Digital Development Specialist Isabel Neto, noted that the vast amount of young people in Nigeria positions the country to develop a strong digital economy. “Through innovations and investments, the Nigerian economy can harness digital data and new technologies, generate new content, link individuals with markets and government services, and roll out new, sustainable business models”, she added.
However, while Nigeria’s digital sector presents numerous growth opportunities for individuals, it is not void of challenges. Informality is also present within the digital labor force. Many workers in the tech space, particularly freelancers, operate outside the boundaries of traditional employment structures, which often leaves them with access to benefits like health insurance or job security.
Notably, a Jobberman report on “Nigeria’s informal sector; A Pathway to sustainable economic transitions for young people”, revealed that a staggering 90% of tech talents are contemplating leaving the country in search of better opportunities in developed nations. This brain drain poses a serious challenge to the future of the sector as many of the country’s brightest minds are seeking to relocate due to various factors such as higher wages, better working conditions, and access to advanced technologies abroad.
Also, despite the sector’s growth, there are disparities in participation, especially among women and young people. While both groups are actively involved in the digital economy, certain regions, such as the Northern part of the country, experience slower rates of adoption and skill development. About 55% of individuals in Northern Nigeria lack access to proper training programs. This limited access to training and development opportunities has presented a significant barrier to their involvement.
Also, a lack of infrastructure and resources makes it difficult for aspiring tech professionals in the region to acquire the skills necessary to thrive in the global digital economy. As a result, the digital talent pool in Northern Nigeria remains underdeveloped, further exacerbating regional disparities in tech industry participation and growth.
Additionally, cultural perceptions of technology-related careers as unexciting, combined with issues such as underpayment, discourage broader participation. This is particularly problematic in regions where technological education and job opportunities could provide a pathway out of poverty for women and youth.
As the tech space rapidly evolves, there is increasing pressure to produce talents capable of meeting market demands. However, formal education systems often struggle to keep pace with these changes. As a result, many individuals turn to informal learning methods, such as YouTube tutorials, online courses, and peer discussions, to acquire the skills they need.
While these resources can provide quick access to knowledge, they often result in uneven skill levels across the workforce. Moreover, the growing reliance on informal learning can lead to market saturation at the entry-level, with too many people possessing basic tech skills but lacking the deeper expertise required by employers.
In conclusion, while Nigeria’s digital sector continues to expand and create opportunities, it also faces a critical challenge that needs to be addressed. Issues such as brain drain, uneven participation, and regional inequalities in training, highlight the urgent need for policy interventions and investment in Nigeria’s digital talent development.
Expanding access to high-quality training programs, especially in underserved areas like the North, and creating incentives to retain tech talent within the country will be essential steps to ensure the continued growth and competitiveness of Nigeria’s digital economy on the global stage.