Made-in-Aba and the AfCFTA

On 7th of July, 2019, Nigeria joined other 53 African countries that have signed their membership of the AfCFTA with President Buhari signing of the free trade agreement. According to the African Union (AU), the objectives of AfCFTA are to:

• Create a single continental market for goods and services, with free movement of business persons and investments, and thus pave the way for accelerating the establishment of the Continental Customs Union and the African customs union.
• Expand intra African trade through better harmonization and coordination of trade liberalization and facilitation regimes and instruments across regional economic communities (RECs) and across Africa in general.
• Resolve the challenges of multiple and overlapping memberships and expedite the regional and continental integration processes.
• Enhance competitiveness at the industry and enterprise level through exploiting opportunities for scale production, continental market access and better reallocation of resources.

To me as a development practitioner – just like other Nigerian development professionals who look for international development work opportunities beyond Nigeria and in Africa in particular – the news of Nigeria joining the AfCFTA is received as a would-be blessing: For one thing, AfCFTA will answer the question of ‘‘are you permitted to work in this country’’ which always comes up in applications for development job openings within the African continent. 

But beyond this free movement of professional in the area of services, in the area of goods –finished goods not just raw materials–the news of Nigeria’s membership of AfCFTA is yet to go down my throat: With my basic knowledge of Economics and my awareness of the inherent peculiarities of the Nigerian economy – in terms of low level of manufacturing and high level of importation – I have my reservations. In fact, I tend to favour some level of trade protectionism for the Nigeria situation–with emphasis on bilateral trade agreements than multilateral trade agreements. 

I am among those who strongly share the feeling that there is a possibility that AfCFTA would further expand the Nigeria market as an import dumping ground. As such, in terms of volume of trade in finished goods (with all their value chain positive effect on economic growth), my reservation above seeks answers to the question of how Nigeria will benefit from AfCFTA. As a result, my economies imaginations seek answers to these pertinent questions:  

• What quality finish goods will Nigeria be bringing to the table of AfCFTA? Are we going to be at the receiving end as the case has been with all of its negative economic effect? For instance, are we still going to be bringing crude oil (and other primary/raw material products) to the table of AfCFTA instead of its refined products? 
• To what extent have our local manufacturing and other forms of production served our robust local demands? And how much have we developed our domestic market for our domestic manufacturing and production? 
• How is Nigeria faring in this era of globalisation in terms of trade? Like the AfCFTA, globalisation to extent has opened up the world as one global market; what quality finished goods has Nigeria traded in this globalised market? And on the hand, to what extent has globalisation contributed in further dumping of goods in Nigeria and killing of (struggling infrastructures starved) local industries?  

It is basic economies that an economy first optimises and harnesses its domestic market potentials in production and trade before it could benefit more from international trade–even at regional and continental level. As such, Nigeria government must go beyond signing membership of AfCFTA (which I take as more of avoiding the possibility that Nigeria could become a loner in the realities the new AU arrangement would spring up) to coming up with time-bound strategies on how Nigeria will benefit in the continental trade arrangement. 

This brings us to the potential of Aba in Abia State, just like other manufacturing clusters in Nigeria–which in the spirit of AfCFTA must be maximised – and other new clusters created.  Aba has one of the biggest SMEs concentrations in Africa–with a thriving lather and garment industries among other industries. According to businessday.ng (February, 2019), one million pairs of shoes are produced by more than 80,000 leather maker in Aba each week. With 48 million pairs produced each year at an average price of N2,500 a pair, the industry is said to be worth up N120 billion, the newspaper reported. As such leather works and garment products are among the finished goods Aba can bring to the table of AfCFTA.  These industries and others which have growth potentials should be expanded – particularly in the spirit of AfCFTA.

Citing a study findings presented by Professor Okechukwu Anyamele (a Professor of Economics and Finance, at Jackson State University, in the United States) at the Aba urban renewal summit in 2015, Premiumtimes Nigeria (2016) gave an economic outlook of the city as follows: 

• Between 2000 and 2015, Aba’s economy grew at an annual rate of 7.44%.
• In 2000, Aba’s GDP stood at $1.57 billion; by 2015, it had grown to $4.9 billion.
• In 2014, Gross National Income per capita of Nigeria was $2,760
• Aba’s GDP with official population of 917,355 will put Aba’s income per capita at $9,778.
• Aba’s income per capita in 2014 was 3.5 times that of Nigeria.

It is worthy of note that Federal and Abia state governments are prioritising the economic growth potential of Aba–particularly with the Enyimba economic city project, Aba dry port project, power project and other efforts. Abia State governor, Dr Okezie Ipeazu is also leading the Made-in-Aba goods promotion campaign. 

Now – in the spirit of AfCFTA – these efforts have to be doubled and tripled. As a matter of policy strategy, Abia state government should have AfCFTA focal office in Aba. This office will work to support, educate and mobilise the producers on the market window of opportunities AfCFTA would bring. This also applies to other industrial clusters in Nigeria. 

In the agricultural sector, there are evidence based value chain products – like rice, cassava, coco and aquaculture – that should be leveraged on across Nigeria. Evidence of measurable and time-bound result oriented manufacturing/production and trade based programmes across Nigeria (not politicise programmes), is the only way Nigerians like me can go to bed with our eyes closed – that Nigeria will benefit from AfCFTA – when it’s realities unfold.