IMF Urges Nigeria to Eliminate Fuel and Electricity Subsidies

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has urged the federal government to fully eliminate subsidies for fuel and electricity, highlighting that these financial supports are not only expensive but also ineffective in benefiting the populations most in need of assistance.

This is coming days after the minister of power, Adebayo Adelabu, said that the government is likely going to suspend electricity subsidies for effective energy administration.

Although not explicitly mentioned, the underlying implication of removing these subsidies is a likely surge in the prices of electricity and fuel. This is because current subsidized rates are thought to be significantly below the actual market prices. By phasing out these subsidies, the government would allow fuel and electricity prices to align more closely with their true market value, potentially leading to increased costs for consumers.

The institution stated this in its latest press release on Nigeria titled “IMF Executive Board Concludes Post Financing Assessment with Nigeria.” The fund also acknowledged the reforms currently embarked on by the current administration such as fuel subsidy removal and the unification of the exchange rate.

“President Tinubu has moved ahead with important structural reforms: removing fuel subsidies and unifying the various official foreign exchange windows. He appointed a Presidential Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms Committee to make proposals for raising domestic revenue to support investments in infrastructure, health, and education,” it said.

On fuel and electricity subsidies, the IMF stated that the government had decided to partially reverse fuel subsidy removal by capping retail prices and electricity prices respectively, as a way to slow down inflation.

It also cited the government’s decision to suspend VAT on diesel as another inflation reduction move.

“To ease the impact of rapidly rising inflation on living conditions, the government has released cereals from the grain reserve, provided subsidized fertilizer to farmers, capped retail fuel and electricity prices—thus partially reversing the fuel subsidy removal—implemented a civil service wage award, and suspended the VAT on diesel,” it said.

However, in its assessment, the IMF opined the fuel and electricity subsidies need to be removed to allow market forces to determine the prices. Instead, it recommended that the government focus on revenue generation and digitization of public service delivery as a strategy for reducing fiscal deficits.

“The government’s focus on revenue mobilization and digitalization would improve public service delivery and safeguard fiscal sustainability. The envisaged reduction in the overall deficit in 2024 would help contain debt vulnerabilities and eliminate the need for CBN financing,” the fund stated.

Based on these recommendations, the IMF suggested that electricity and fuel subsidies be phased out completely.

“Temporary and targeted support to the most vulnerable in the form of social transfers is needed, given the ongoing cost-of-living crisis. Fuel and electricity subsidies are costly, do not reach those that most need government support, and should be phased out completely,” it said.

The IMF believes some of the reforms of the government have been a huge step in the right direction, however, it wants the government to go further by taking off subsidies completely to complement reforms of the monetary policy.

The IMF recommendations are a direct message to the government to increase the prices of electricity and fuel to reflect the actual market prices of both products. For example, electricity prices have not increased since 2022 despite the depreciation of the naira and the increase in inflation, two major items that influence electricity prices.

In addition, fuel prices have remained largely stable despite higher oil prices, and currency depreciation. Despite these recommendations from the IMF, implementing such reforms demands a considerable degree of political determination from the government to persuade the Nigerian populace that these adjustments are implemented with a degree of compassion and consideration for the economic challenges many are currently enduring.

Some financial experts have advised the Federal Government not to remove the electricity subsidy, saying such an act can lead to tough economic conditions.

They said this in separate interviews with journalists on Tuesday in Lagos. Prof. Bright Eregha, Lecturer of Economics at the Pan-Atlantic University, advised the government not to contemplate the removal of the subsidy because of the current economic hardship.

“The people are already grappling with too many economic distortions, which have led to the cost of living in the country. Then removing the subsidy on electricity will raise the inflation rate and worsen the people’s economic plight,” Mr Eregha said.

He further said that the government should focus more on improving the challenges of the energy sector than proposing the removal of subsidies. He added that the Federal Government should be honest and dialogue with the people to assuage doubt, particularly during this period of economic austerity.

“This will reduce the distrust in government policies and enable the people to key into their programs, ‘’Mr Eregha said.

Adding his voice to the discussion, the President of the Standard Shareholders Association of Nigeria, Godwin Anono, said the policy to remove the electricity subsidy was not properly taught out.

“The policy will not achieve its desired objectives because the country’s power situation has yet to be improved upon. We barely have steady electricity, and the authorities are clamoring for subsidy removal in the country,’’ Mr Anono said.

He noted that the government should be more concerned with providing pre-paid meters to prospective electricity consumers before implementing a new tariff regime.

“Implementing the proposed policy without addressing the metering challenges will be exploiting the people without any regulatory protection, which isn’t the right thing to do in this era of economic difficulties,” Mr Anono said.